Qaitbay Citadel: Alexandria Medieval Fortress on the Mediterranean

May 29, 2026Qaitbay Citadel Alexandria

Visit Qaitbay Citadel on the site of the ancient Lighthouse of Alexandria. A complete guide to the fortress history, architecture, and Mediterranean views.

Qaitbay Citadel built on the site of the ancient Pharos Lighthouse — history, military architecture, and stunning Mediterranean views.

History: Where the Pharos Lighthouse Stood

Qaitbay Citadel stands on the exact site of the ancient Pharos Lighthouse, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The lighthouse was destroyed by a series of earthquakes in the 14th century, and in 1477 Sultan Al-Ashraf Qaitbay ordered the construction of a fortress using the fallen stones. The citadel was built to defend Alexandria against Ottoman threats and served as a key military outpost for centuries.

The fortress incorporates materials from the original lighthouse. Diving expeditions around the citadel have recovered massive granite blocks and statues from the lighthouse foundations, now displayed at the Alexandria National Museum and underwater excavation sites. The site has undergone several restorations, most recently in 2021, and remains one of Alexandria most popular attractions.

Built on the site of the Pharos Lighthouse — one of the Seven Wonders
Constructed in 1477 by Sultan Qaitbay with lighthouse stones
Recovered lighthouse artifacts on display at Alexandria National Museum
Major restoration completed in 2021
Free entry with the Alexandria city pass

Architecture and Visiting Experience

The citadel features a rectangular layout with massive stone walls, corner towers, and a central keep. The ground floor houses a naval museum with model ships, charts, and maritime artifacts. Climbing to the roof offers panoramic views of the Alexandria coastline, the Mediterranean Sea, and the modern Eastern Harbor. The breeze from the sea makes the visit comfortable even in summer.

The surrounding area is perfect for a walk along the Corniche. The citadel is located at the tip of the Pharos Peninsula, and the nearby fish market restaurants serve some of the freshest seafood in Alexandria. For Korean travelers, a morning visit is recommended to avoid midday heat and take advantage of soft Mediterranean light for photos.